NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS FROM 1901 to 2020

 

NOBEL PRIZE:      

Alfred Bernhand Nobel, he is Swedish Industrialist, engineer who invented Dynamite and powerful explosives and who founded the Nobel Prizes. He was Born  21st October 1833, Sweden and died 10th December 1896.

     

 PHYSIS:

The Nobel prize in physics is awarded by the Swedish Academy of sciences.

John Bardeen has been awarded Nobel Prize Twice in 1956 and 1972 for Physics. Total 215 individuals received Nobel Prize for physics.

In this post, I have arranged it in Chronological Order.

 

YEAR	PERSON/COUNTRY	LAUREATES
1901	Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen/Germany	The discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him.
1902	Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman	The influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena.
1903	Antoine Henri Becquerel/France	Discovery of spontaneous radioactivity.
1903	Marie Sklodowska/France   Pierre Curie/France	Joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel. Phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel.
1904	Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)	Discovery of argon in connection with these studies.
1905	Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard	Work on cathode rays.
1906	Joseph John Thomson	Investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases
1907	Albert Abraham Michelson	Optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid.
1908	Gabriel Lippmann	Method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference.
1909	Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun	Development of wireless telegraphy.
1910	Johannes Diderik van der Waals	The equation of state for gases and liquids.
1911	Wilhelm Wien	Laws governing the radiation of heat.
1912	Nils Gustaf Dalén	Use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys.
1913	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes	Properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium.
1914	Max von Laue	Discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals.
1915	Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg	Analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays.
1917	Charles Glover Barkla	Characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements.
1918	Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck	Advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta.
1919	Johannes Stark	Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields.
1920	Charles Edouard Guillaume	Precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys.
1921	Albert Einstein	law of the photoelectric effect
1922	Niels Henrik David Bohr	structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them.
1923	Robert Andrews Millikan	elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect
1924	Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn	field of X-ray spectroscopy
1925	James Franck and Gustav Ludwig Hertz	laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom
1926	Jean Baptiste Perrin	discovery of sedimentation equilibrium
1927	Arthur Holly Compton/USA	discovery of the effect named after him.
1927	Charles Thomson Rees Wilson	paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour
1928	Owen Willans Richardson	thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him
1929	Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie	discovery of the wave nature of electrons
1930	Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman	the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him
1931		NO AWARD GIVEN ON THIS YEAR
1932	Werner Karl Heisenberg	the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen
1933	Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac	new productive forms of atomic theory
1934		NO AWARD GIVEN ON THIS YEAR
1935	James Chadwick	the discovery of the neutron
1936	Victor Franz Hess & Carl David Anderson	discovery of cosmic radiation & discovery of the positron
1937	Clinton Joseph Davisson and George Paget Thomson	diffraction of electrons by crystals
1938	Enrico Fermi	related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons.
1939	Ernest Orlando Lawrence	invention and development of the cyclotron, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements
1940		NO AWARD GIVEN ON THIS YEAR
1941		NO AWARD GIVEN ON THIS YEAR
1942		NO AWARD GIVEN ON THIS YEAR
1943	Otto Stern	the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton
1944	Isidor Isaac Rabi	the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei
1945	Wolfgang Pauli	discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle
1946	Percy Williams Bridgman	the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics
1947	Sir Edward Victor Appleton	the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer
1948	Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett	fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation.
1949	Hideki Yukawa	the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces
1950	Cecil Frank Powell	the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method
1951	Sir John Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton	transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles
1952	Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell	magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith
1953	Frits Zernike	his invention of the phase contrast microscope
1954	Max Born & Walther Bothe	fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction & coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith.
1955	Willis Eugene Lamb & Polykarp Kusch	fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum &  determination of the magnetic moment of the electron
1956	William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain	their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect
1957	Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee	penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles
1958	Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank and Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm	discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect
1959	Emilio Gino Segrè and Owen Chamberlain	their discovery of the antiproton
1960	Donald Arthur Glaser	the invention of the bubble chamber
1961	Robert Hofstadter     Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer	electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons. absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name
1962	Lev Davidovich Landau	Lev Davidovich Landau Lev Davidovich Landau Lev Davidovich Landau
1963	Eugene Paul Wigner Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen	application of fundamental symmetry principles. discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure
1964	Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov	the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle
1965	Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman	fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles
1966	Alfred Kastler	the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms
1967	Hans Albrecht Bethe	the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars
1968	Luis Walter Alvarez	the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis
1969	Murray Gell-Mann	the classification of elementary particles and their interactions
1970	Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén   Louis Eugène Félix Néel	magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics. concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics
1971	Dennis Gabo	invention and development of the holographic method
1972	John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer	developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory
1973	Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever   Brian David Josephson	experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively. phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects
1974	Sir Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish	the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars
1975	Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson and Leo James Rainwater	discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection
1976	Burton Richter and Samuel Chao Chung Ting	pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind
1977	Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott and John Hasbrouck van Vleck	fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems
1978	Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa   Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson	Basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics. Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation.
1979	Sheldon Lee Glashow	Theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current.
1980	James Watson Cronin and Val Logsdon Fitch	discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons.
1981	Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arthur Leonard Schawlow   Kai M. Siegbahn	Development of laser spectroscopy.   The development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy.
1982	Kenneth G. Wilson	Theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions.
1983	Subramanyan Chandrasekhar   William Alfred Fowler	Theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars. Theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe.
1984	Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer	Discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction.
1985	Klaus von Klitzing	The discovery of the quantized Hall effect.
1986	Ernst Ruska   Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer	Fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope. Design of the scanning tunneling microscope.
1987	J. Georg Bednorz and K. Alexander Müller	Important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials.
1988	Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger	Doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino.
1989	Norman F. Ramsey   Hans G. Dehmelt and Wolfgang Paul	Invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks. The development of the ion trap technique.
1990	Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall and Richard E. Taylor	Essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics.
1991	Pierre-Gilles de Gennes	Developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers.
1992	Georges Charpak	Invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber.
1993	Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Taylor Jr	Discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation.
1994	Bertram N. Brockhouse Clifford G. Shull	The development of neutron spectroscopy. The development of the neutron diffraction technique.
1995	Martin L. Perl Frederick Reines	The discovery of the tau lepton. The detection of the neutrino.
1996	David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff and Robert C. Richardson	Their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3.
1997	Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips	Development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light.
1998	Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer and Daniel C. Tsui	Their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations.
1999	Gerardus ‘t Hooft and Martinus J.G. Veltman	Elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics.
2000	Zhores I. Alferov and Herbert Kroemer Jack S. Kilby	Developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics. The invention of the integrated circuit.
2001	Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle and Carl E. Wieman	The achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates.
2002	Raymond Davis Jr. and Masatoshi Koshiba	Pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos.
2003	Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg and Anthony J. Leggett	Pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids.
2004	David J. Gross, H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek	The discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction.
2005	Roy J. Glauber   John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hänsch	The quantum theory of optical coherence.   The development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique.
2006	John C. Mather and George F. Smoot	Discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
2007	Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg	The discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance.
2008	Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa   Yoichiro Nambu	The discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature. The discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics.
2009	Charles Kuen Kao   Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith	The transmission of light in fibers for optical communication. The invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor.
2010	Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov	Groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material grapheme.
2011	Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess	The discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae.
2012	Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland	Experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems.
2013	François Englert and Peter W. Higgs	Discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider.
2014	Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura	The invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources.
2015	Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald	The discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass.
2016	David J. Thouless, F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz	Theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter.
2017	Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish and Kip S. Thorne	Decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves.
2018	Arthur Ashkin   Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland	The optical tweezers and their application to biological systems. Method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses.
2019	James Peebles   Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz	Theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology.   The discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star.
2020	Roger Penrose   Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez	The discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity. The discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy.